Reduction by bimetallic reactive materials containing zero-valent iron

For nearly a decade the use of bimetallic reactive materials containing zero-valent iron has been investigated because of the substantial reaction rate enhancements and applicability to a broader range of contaminants compared to those materials in which iron is the only reactive metal. However, despite the knowledge gained regarding bimetallic treatment approaches, details of reaction pathways remain elusive. This paper presents a review of some fundamental processes and underlying reactions of bimetallic materials in order to provide a backdrop for interpreting reports of bimetallic material reactivity as well as understanding current approaches to improving, controlling, and utilizing their characteristics.